Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Cerebral Edema Following Focal Brain Injury: A Case Study in a Post-Traffic Accident Patient

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as neurological dysfunction, both temporary and permanent, nondegenerative and non-congenital, caused by mechanical trauma to brain tissue, either directly or indirectly. Effective and efficient diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic approaches in cases with TBI is important so that morbidity and mortality due to head trauma can be prevented. This case report on focal brain injury aims to document and analyze the clinical manifestation, management, and outcomes of this case.

Case Presentation: A 42-year-old female patient came to the emergency room unconscious after being hit by a car.  During treatment, the patient only complained of headache, nausea, and vomiting, and no abnormalities were found on neurological examination. A non-contrast head CT scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral edema. The treatment given was the injection of tranexamic acid, mannitol, and nimodipine, as well as symptomatic drugs such as metamizole, lansoprazole, diphenhydramine, and ondansetron

Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a vascular disease of the brain that causes blood to enter the subarachnoid space. The goal of treatment is to repair the bleeding source and prevent morbidity and mortality.